Borobudur

Borobudur was the name of a Buddhist temple that was located in Borobudur, Magelang, Central Java. The location of the temple was approximately 100 km on the south-west of Semarang and 40 km on the north-west of Yogyakarta. This temple was established by the followers of the religion Buddhist Mahayana around the 800 's Masehi in the government's period of the Syailendra dynasty.

Many theories that tried to explain the name of this temple. One of them said that this name the possibility came from Sambharabhudhara words, that is meaning that the "mountain" (bhudara) where in his slopes was located terraces. Moreover was gotten by several etymologies of the other people. For example Borobudur words came from the statement "Buddha" that because of the shift in the sound became Borobudur. The other explanation was that this name came from two "ember" words and "beduhur". Ember words were it seems coming from temple words, while having also the other explanation where the ember came from the Sansekerta language that meaning that the temple complex or the monastery and beduhur meaning that is "high", or warned in Balinese that was significant "above". So his intention was a monastery or the barracks that was in the high land. The historian J.G. de Casparis in his dissertation to get the degree of the doctor in 1950 believed that Borobudur was the place of the worship. Was based on the Karangtengah inscription and Kahulunan, Casparis estimated, the Borobudur founder was the king from the Syailendra dynasty named Samaratungga around 824 of M. Bangunan the giant could be just completed in his daughter's period, Queen Pramudawardhani. The Borobudur development it was estimated took up time semicentenially.
The Borobudur structure

The Borobudur temple have the shape of punden berundak, that consisted of six levels have the shape of lay alongside the cage, three levels have the shape of round coiled and a main stupa as his peak. Moreover was spread in all level-stage him several stupas. Borobudur that had ten stages depicted clearly philosophy mazhab Mahayana. like a book, Borobudur depicted ten Bodhisattva stages that must be passed through to achieve perfection to Buddha. The part foot Borobudur symbolised Kamadhatu, that is the world that still was controlled by kama or the "low desire". This part most were closed by the heap of the stone that it was suspected was made reinforce the construction of the temple. In the part that was closed the structure of this addition was gotten 120 the panel the Kammawibhangga story. Structure of the addition was set aside so as the person could be still seeing relief in this part.

Four floors with the wall berelief above by the experts was named Rupadhatu. His floor have the shape of persegi. Rupadhatu was the world that could have released itself from the desire, but still was tied by the form and the form. This stage symbolised nature between that is, between low and natural nature upper. In this Rupadhatu part Buddhist statues was received to wall holes above ballustrade or selasar. From the fifth floor to his seven walls not berelief. This stage was named Arupadhatu (that meant to take the form of or be not concrete). The floor plan had the shape of the circle. This stage symbolised upper nature, where humankind has been free from all the wishes and the association of the form and the form, but did not yet achieve nirvana. Buddhist statues were placed in the stupa that was closed hollow like in imprisonment. From outside the statues still appeared very vague.

The highest stage that depicted the lack of the shape was demonstrated took the form of the most big and highest stupa. The stupa was depicted plain without holes. In this biggest stupa had been found the Buddhist statue that was imperfect or was mentioned also unfinished Buddha, that disalahsangkakan as the Adibuddha statue, in fact through the research further had not had the statue to the main stupa, the statue that was not finished that was his sculptor's mistake in the time dahulu. according to the statue belief that was wrong in the process of his production indeed to be able to not be damaged. The excavation of archeology that was carried out in the page of this temple found many statues like this. In the past, several Buddhist statues were with 30 stones with relief, two lion statues, several stones had the shape of time, the ladder and the gate was sent to Thai King, Chulalongkorn that visited the Dutch East Indies (currently Indonesia) during 1896 as the gift from the Dutch East Indies government at that point.

The highest stage that depicted the lack of the shape was demonstrated took the form of the most big and highest stupa. The stupa was depicted plain without holes. In this biggest stupa had been found the Buddhist statue that was imperfect or was mentioned also unfinished Buddha, that disalahsangkakan as the Adibuddha statue, in fact through the research further had not had the statue to the main stupa, the statue that was not finished that was his sculptor's mistake in the time dahulu. according to the statue belief that was wrong in the process of his production indeed to be able to not be damaged. The excavation of archeology that was carried out in the page of this temple found many statues like this. In the past, several Buddhist statues were with 30 stones with relief, two lion statues, several stones had the shape of time, the ladder and the gate was sent to Thai King, Chulalongkorn that visited the Dutch East Indies (currently Indonesia) during 1896 as the gift from the Dutch East Indies government at that point.

In each stage was carved by relief to the wall of the temple. These relief were read in accordance with the direction of the hour needle or were mentioned mapradaksina in the language Javanese Kuna that came from the Sansekerta language daksina that meaning that is east. These relief of various contents he said, including relief related jātaka. This reading of relief stories was always begun, and ended to the main gate of the east side in each one of his levels, began him on the left and ended on the right of the main gate. Then obviously that next east was the ladder rose that actually (main) and headed the peak of the temple, this means that the temple appear before to the east despite other sides really similar .
Karmawibhangga
In accordance with the symbolic meaning in foot the temple, relief that decorated the wall of this veiled shelf depicted the law karma. The row of this relief not was the series story (serial), but to each picture depicted a story that had the cause and effect correlation. This relief not only gave the picture of the action was condemned by humankind was accompanied with the punishment that will be received by him, but also the good action humankind and the reward. On the whole was the drafting of the life of humankind in the circle was born - lived - died (the misery) that had not ended, and by the Buddhist religion this chain that will be ended to head perfection.
Lalitawistara
Was the drafting of the story Buddha in the row of relief (but not was the complete story) that was begun from the fall Buddha from Tusita heaven, and ended with first advice in the Rusa Garden close to the Banaras city. This relief lined up from the ladder to the next side south, after melampui the row of relief totalling 27 pictures that were begun from the ladder of the east side. The 27 pictures depicted the activity, both in heaven and in the world, as preparations to welcome the attendance of the last incarnation Bodhisattwa as the candidate Buddha. This relief depicted the birth Buddha in arcapada this as Prince Siddhartha, Putra King Suddhodana and the Maya Queen from the Kapilawastu Country. This relief numbering 120 pictures, that ended with first advice, that symbolically was stated as Pemutaran Roda Dharma, the teaching Buddha in mentioned dharma that also meant the "law", whereas dharma was demonstrated as the wheel.
Jataka and Awadana
Jataka was the story about Buddha before being born as Prince Siddharta. His contents was the subject of the good action exposure, that distinguished Bodhisattwa from any other creature also. Actually, the service collection/the good action was the preparations stage in an effort to head ketingkat to-Buddhist-an. Whereas Awadana, basically almost was the same as Jataka but his perpetrators not Bodhisattwa, but the other person and he said was assembled in the Diwyawadana book that meant the noble action kedewaan, and the Awadanasataka book or one hundred Awadana stories. In Borobudur temple relief jataka and awadana, was treated same, meaning that both of them were met in the row that was same without being distinguished. The association that was most famous from the life Bodhisattwa was Jatakamala or untaian the Jataka story, the work of the poet Aryasura and jang lived in the 4th Masehi age.
Gandawyuha
Was the row of relief decorated the wall of the path to-2,adalah the Sudhana story that roamed without knew tired in an effort to him looked for Tertinggi Knowledge about the Sejati Truth by Sudhana. His drafting was in 460 pictures based on the holy scripture Buddhist Mahayana that was entitled Gandawyuha, and for his cover part was based on the other book story that is Bhadracari.
Borobudur, Candi Buddha Terbesar in the 9th Age

Who did not know the Borobudur Temple? This Buddhist temple had 1460 relief and 504 Buddhist stupas in his complex. Millions of people mendamba to visit the building that including in World Wonder Heritages this. It is not surprising, because in an arsitektural manner and his function as the place of religious duties, Borobudur quite enticing. Borobudur was built by King Samaratungga, one of the kings of the kingdom Mataram Kuno, the descendants of the Syailendra Dynasty. Was based on the Kayumwungan inscription, a Indonesian named Hudaya Kandahjaya said that Borobudur was a place of religious duties that were finished was built on May 26 824, almost one hundred years were since the beginning period developed. The Borobudur name personally according to several significant people of a mountain that berteras-terrace (budhara), while several that were other said Borobudur meant the monastery that was located in the high place.

The Borobudur building have the shape of punden berundak consisted of 10 levels. The height 42 metre before being renovated and 34,5 metre after being renovated because the level was lowest was used as penahan. Six levels were lowest have the shape of lay alongside the cage and three levels above had the shape of the circle and one highest level that took the form of the Buddhist stupa that appear before to the west. Each stage symbolised the life stage of humankind. Appropriate mahzab Buddhist Mahayana, anyone who wanted to achieve the level as Buddha must through each life stage. The Borobudur basic part, was acknowledged as Kamadhatu, symbolised humankind that still was tied by the desire. Four levels were above acknowledged as Rupadhatu symbolised humankind that could release itself from the desire but still was tied by the form and the form. In this level, the Buddhist statue was placed was open. Now, three levels above where Buddha was placed in the hollow stupa was acknowledged as Arupadhatu, symbolised humankind that was freest from the desire, the form, and the form. The part was highest that was acknowledged as Arupa symbolised nirvana, the Buddhist place.
Each stage had beautiful relief that showed how skilled his manufacturer. The relief will be read harmoniously when you walked a direction of the hour needle (the left direction from the temple entrance). In his relief of Borobudur told about a story that really melege you, that is Ramayana. Moreover, was gotten also by relief that depicted the condition for the community at that time. For example, relief about the activity of the farmer that reflected about the progress of the agricultural system at that time and sailing ship relief was the representation from the progress of the voyage that at that time concentrated in Bergotta (Semarang). The available relief whole in the Borobudur temple reflected the teaching Buddha. Because of this, this temple could be made the edication media for people who wanted to study the Buddhist teaching. YogYES asked you to surround each crowded path in Borobudur in order to be able to understand Buddhist religious philosophy. Atisha, a Buddhist from India in the age to 10, had visited to the temple that was built 3 centuries before Angkor Wat in Cambodia and 4 centuries before the Agung Cathedral in Europe .The blessing visited Borobudur and had a supply of the texts of the Buddhist teaching from Serlingpa (one of the kings of the Sriwijaya Kingdom), Atisha could develop the Buddhist teaching. He became the head of the Vikramasila monastery and taught Tibetans about the method of practising Dharma. Six texts from Serlingpa then diringkas became a core of the teaching was acknowledged as "The Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment" or that more was known by the name of Bodhipathapradipa. One of the questions that currently is not yet answered about Borobudur was how the condition around the temple when being built and why the temple was found in the situation was buried. Several said Borobudur initially stood was orbited the swamp afterwards was hidden because of the Merapi eruption. Really him was the Kalkutta inscription was inscribed with 'Amawa' meant the milk ocean. The words that afterwards was interpreted as the Merapi mudflow. Several that were other said Borobudur was stockpiled the cold Merapi mudflow. The blessing visited Borobudur and had a supply of the texts of the Buddhist teaching from Serlingpa (one of the kings of the Sriwijaya Kingdom), Atisha could develop the Buddhist teaching. He became the head of the Vikramasila monastery and taught Tibetans about the method of practising Dharma. Six texts from Serlingpa then diringkas became a core of the teaching was acknowledged as "The Lamp for the Path to Enlightenment" or that more was known by the name of Bodhipathapradipa. One of the questions that currently is not yet answered about Borobudur was how the condition around the temple when being built and why the temple was found in the situation was buried. Several said Borobudur initially stood was orbited the swamp afterwards was hidden because of the Merapi eruption. Really him was the Kalkutta inscription was inscribed with 'Amawa' meant the milk ocean. The words that afterwards was interpreted as the Merapi mudflow. Several that were other said Borobudur was stockpiled the cold Merapi mudflow.