The cultivation of the squid fish

The happy news for the normal fishermen caught the squid in sea. Currently, still need not have experienced the famine period since the discovery of the technique cultivated the squid. Indonesia has indeed been famous with his sea bacillus and was one of the producers of the fisheries commodity that supplied his production to various foreign countries. One of the fisheries commodities was worth high economics that also was the export product of our country's mainstay was the squid. That was marked by the value of the sea animal that was grouped in the animal of the export that had foot in this head (the family chephalopoda) while five last years continued to increase. Uptil now Japan, America and European countries were the main aim country of the export of the sea biota that had the name latin lepiotenhis lessoniana. In many squid countries apart from being made use of for the raw material of various food kinds, also was used as bait to provoke the fish in sea. Eskpor the squid that during 2001 reached 13 thousand ton lebib (with a value of US$ 22 thousand) the value of his export of the production showed the increase that was sharp enough in burnt 2005. Last year the amount was folded to 25 thousand ton more (with a value of more than US$ 42 thousand). The increase this value of the export evidently still was far more smaller from the requirement for the squid in the world market. In America last year needed 640 thousand ton the squid. At the same time Japan needed 580 thousand ton, now his domestic production only could produce around 200 thousand ton then. As information barga the squid in this cherry tree country currently reached US$ 2,5 per kilogram. From this data could be concluded that the export opportunity of the squid was still being open wide and quite promising .

Although results of the export of the squid implicated tren that continued to improve each year, not meant uptil now to not have the hindrance that was dealt with by the fishermen in going hunting the squid. Almost all the result of the export of the Indonesian squid at this time still was relying on results caught of sea. Meaning that the fisherman's supplies really depended from the season. Like for example in the Foundation strait (the strait that connected between the Lombok island and Sumbawa) in the period in October - April was squid harvest time, each month the arrest of the fishermen in general could reach more than 100 ton. On the other hand during April - in September was during the squid famine, at the time of the famine of these fishermen of course his income will descend in fact could happened in no way had revenue from the bacillus caught this squid. Moreover, the existence of this squid also really depended on the condition for the coral reef ecosystem.

the coral reef for the squid was the place to lay eggs and look for food. Unfortunately the condition for the coral reef in Indonesian waters at this time was very worrying. Was based on information that was received from the Kelautan Department and fisheries of the total area of the Indonesian coral reef reached 60 thousand square kilometre, now that his condition was it was considered still good less than 6%. The rest of them that 94 % of course very bad his situation. Saw this phenomenon then could diprediksikan that in several years again the squid population will begin to decrease. This of course also will result in the decline in the production of the export of the squid. the squid population increasingly the day increasingly was threatened keberadaa him, considering currently increasingly increased by the intensity of pollution and environmental damage in sea. This will of course be influential towards the sea ecosystem especially the squid that was classified as the animal that very much was sensitive to pollution. Just a few happened the difference of the quality of water akanmenghindar from this waters region. Saw the threat that was serious from the existence of this squid, Mulyono S. Baskoro, of Peneliti from the School Of Fishery and Marine Institut Pertanian Bogor, carried out the research to develop the technique of the squid cultivation. Baskoro then currently begins to enjoy results of the work of the harshness uptil now in finding the technique cultivated the squid.
In beginning this research of the squid cultivation, Baskoro indeed was flagged down by various hindrances. Including being caused by the behaviour of the animal personally that is did not yet want dikawin had. His intention this animal continue to only wanted to lay eggs in his original habitat. To overcome this, Baskoro found a quite clever method, that is by providing the special place for the mother of the egg-laying squid that was mentioned atraktor. Atraktor this was installed in his original habitat. After the mother laid eggs just these eggs were moved to keramba the net apung to be caused. Through this method, Baskoro did not force the mother of the squid to lay eggs outside his habitat. Atraktor this in fact was the similar implement rumpon with the design resembled the form like the flower sheath. Berdiameter 120 cm and high 35 cm. To make this implement really was easy. Materials that were utilised to make this implement be then easy were received anywhere. Like the wire, the mine and the sheet of black plastic that had a function of closing the upper part rumpon this. “Untuk made one unit atraktor .

Ara the fisherman not the lack of squid supplies when the season paceklik,” he said. To utilise this implement, Baskoro recommended so that necessarily was placed in the foundation of waters - around 5 - 7 metre from sea level - that indeed has in knew became the squid habitat. That is in the foundation of waters around the coral reef with the condition for clear waters and the flow that were not too strong. Usually when seeing the place that “nyaman and asyik” the mature squid will immediately be married in this artificial nest. Ideally the appointment atraktor this was carried out at the time of the season of the squid harvest. After one month was placed just was seen had the squid egg that was placed by his mother in this implement. Afterwards furthermore the eggs were moved to the location of the net apung to be caused. The location of the net apung this better should not be too far with the location of the appointment atraktor. This, apart from inefficient also will increase the risk of destruction of the egg when being moved. Around two weeks after being moved just the eggs will hatch. Four months around two weeks after being moved just the eggs will hatch. Four months afterwards after in maintained in the net apung densely the dispersion around 50 tails per meter3 this squid was ready dipanen.

A mother of the squid could in general produce approximately 500 items of the egg. Pembudidaya the squid necessarily had 10 units atraktor. Meaning that when squid harvest time could each month gather the egg cumi totalling 5000. “Lewat this technique the level of his success as far as the harvest reached 85%,” Baskoro words. Meaning that when the harvest will from 5000 eggs produce 4250 squids seriously around 425 kg. In the level of the price farmer of the squid at this time reached around Rp 22 thousand per kilogram him. So with the production that much pembudidaya will get the Rp income 9.3 million.

About food, the squid be classed as was easy in giving of food. This animal was classified as the carnivorous animal (carnivores) because of all that the sea biota that could enter his mouth will be eaten. Like the shellfish, the fish and the other sea animal. For the maintenance also too much was not difficult. One matter that must be paid attention to was to do not have food that remained in the net apung. This will invite the other sea animal (the fish or the crab) to take food in the net. If this happened had the possibility of the net of being cut off, as a result the squid could bolt to free sea.

Other that must become serious attention for pembudidaya the squid was the matter of the location election of the net apung, his location must be far from the industrial activity and the bustle. Because just a few happened pollution in these waters then could have been confirmed all of his kept squid will die was in vain. This will of course be very damaging pembudidaya that personally.

The meeting with the Chairman and the vice-chairman DPRD Kabupaten Morowali, was led directly by the Secretary of the Area of the province Central Sulawesi H. GUMYADI, SH, discussed about the resolution of various problems that happened in the Government of the Area of the Morowali Regency, considering a brightness of the demonstration lately that happened was beaten as the feeling expression of disappointment of the people Bung I, to immediately drop Andi Muhammad from his position as Regent Morowali off. The new regency that not yet old dimekarkan from the Mother of the Poso Regency, brought many problems, so as to be in a meeting was spread out for three hours, diruang the work of the Secretary of the Central Sulawesi province, on Saturday early afternoon (on March 19 2005) that was attended by Karo Tata Pemerintahan Drs. Rais Lamangkona, Karo Hukum Dan Perundang-undangan Usman Suhudin, SH, MH, Kepala Kesbang Syafri Alikadir, SH and Ali Lasamaulu that mewakil from the Kepegawaian Daerah Body of the Central Sulawesi province, was also present several officials of the Kabupaten Morowali Regional Government that has in Non activated, and an amount of delegation from the Public Figure Bung I. Chairman DPRD KABUPATEN Morowali H. Zainal Abidin Ishak that was accompanied by Wakilnya Saudara Abudin Halilu, explained various problems that happened in Regent's Government of Andi Muhammad, like disobedience and insulting against No. UU 51 in 1999 and the Letter Of Instruction of the Minister For Home Affairs about the position of the Morowali capital in Bung I, moreover the secretary DPRD Morowali was dismissed from his position although being not yet agreed to, menon activated four officials of the echelon of two and several officials of the echelon of three dilingkup the Morowali Regional Government, issued Regent's circular about the Banning to attend the Meeting invitation from Chairman DPRD, Regent's confirmation letter that, the implementation activity of the Morowali Government continue to was diKolonedale. As a result of being attracted by him the secretary DPRD paralysed the tasks of the Council, that finally the implementation of the Government could not go should, that ironically again, that RAPBD discussions or information pertanggung the answer in 2003, RAPBD the change and the determination RAPBD in 2005 until this could not be carried out, the KKN brightness that happened in Morowali, resulting from not the DPRD Morowali functioning to carry out the supervision. The letter wrote letters to the Regent and the Minister For Home Affairs who was done by the Morowali Council uptil now, according to H. Gumyadi, SH still be difficult inside resolved various problems. I tended “ said Gumyadi “, when the Morowali situation that his community has it was reported headed to the anarchist's action, between the community kolonedale and Bung I, as a result of attacking mutual casualties 7 people of wounds, then in the situation that did not enable as is now the case, the Morowali Council must try and carry out the plenary session although only had a membership of 10 people was increased and the chairman and the vice-chairman, was carried out by us by inviting this member, filled in the roll, so as the session was not yet stated by the forum, but with this foundation as efforts proof and efforts that were carried out by the Morowali Council, that will be handed over by us to the Minister For Home Affairs. Now Chairman Dewan Morowali H. Zainal Abidin Ishak not all that be certain of was successful by means of that was sent by Gumyadi, his article the council's 10 members were volunteers, if the decision of the Morowali Council as the first measurement in this problem, could was done but only was limited by the discourse, “ said Zainal “, and it was hoped the problem of the position of the Morowali capital in Bung I must continue to walk simultaneously, don't remain quiet, “ he added “, that was early in fact in the problem of the difference of the understanding of the matter of the position of the Morowali capital in the middle of the community, has been did not have again problems, no matter what happens now, Regent again did profokasi to the community so that again the difference about the position of this capital, happened therefore if the Minister For Home Affairs could not handle this problem, better returned to the parent regency than the community was supervised by the clash that has happened now, the problem now had the Government of the Centre called Andi Muhammad “ I asked thegovernment will of the Centre to see this seriously “ Zainal words, as.
It was final that Rapat that spent time three hours, concluded to follow up this problem, that was continued and sent directly to the Minister For Home Affairs dijakarta, with the party of the Team of the Morowali Resolution respectively Sekda. Prop. Sulteng, Karo Tapem, the Chairman and the vice-chairman DPRD Morowali and an amount of delegation of the Morowali community, that was planned the week went in March 2005 in .

The GURAMI cultivation

The SHORT HISTORY
The gurami was the kind of the fresh water of the consumption fish, the form of the flat body wide, The back part was coloured merahsawo and the stomach part berwarnakekuningkuningan/ Silvery. The gurami was the Anabantidae family, The descendants Helostoma and the Labyrinthici nation. The gurami came dari Sundanese regional waters (West Java, Indonesia), and spread to Malaysia, Thailands, Ceylon and Australia. The growth of the gurami rather lambat Compared to the other fish of the kind fresh water. In Indonesia, Javanese mentioned him the gurami, Gurameh, Sumatrans ikan If, the time, kalui, whereas in Kalimantan was acknowledged as Kalui. The Inggris person Mentioned him “Giant Gouramy”, because of his measurement that was big sampai Reached heavy 5 kg. PERIKANAN centres The area in Indonesia that became fisheries centres that is: Sumatra, NTB dan Java. Whereas overseas that is: Thailand, Japan and the Philippines. TTG the PERIKANAN cultivation 3. JENIS Classification of the gurami was as follows: The class: Pisces Sub the Class: Teleostei The order: Labyrinthici Sub the Order: Anabantoidae The family: Anabantidae The genus: Osphronemus Species: Osphronemus goramy (Lacepede) The gurami kind that has been known by the community among them: the goose gurami, The gurami je also, blausafir, Paris, the bastard and porcelain. Four finally banyak Developed in West Java, especially Bogor. Compared to the other kind gurami, Porcelain was more superior in producing the egg. If the mother of the bastard in tiap His nest could only produce 2000-3000 items of the egg, porcelain mampu 10,000 items. Because of that the community acknowledged him as great of the pop, dan Most diunggulkan.
The BENEFIT As the source of the provisions of animal protein. 5. The CONDITION for the LOCATION 1) the Land that was good for the maintenance pond was the clay kind/clay, Not berporos and was enough contained humus. This land kind could Kept the big water mass and did not leak so as to be able to be made The dyke/the wall of the pond. 2) the Slope of the land that was good for the production of the revolving pond between 3-5% To facilitate the pond irrigation in a manner gravitation. 3) the Gurami could grow normal, if the location of the maintenance was in The height 50-400 m. dpl. 4) the Quality of water must for the maintenance of the gurami be clean and the foundation of the pond Was not muddy, was not too turbid and not dirtiest chemicals Was poisonous, and oil/the waste of the factory. 5) the Pond with the depth 70-100 cm and his irrigation system that Flowed very good for the growth and the physical development of the fish The gurami. For the maintenance traditionally to the special pond, the water debit That was allowed to be 3 litre/the second, whereas for the maintenance In a polikultur manner, the ideal water debit was between 6-12 litre/the second. 6) the Acidity of water.The TECHNICAL GUIDE the cultivation 6,1. The provisions of means and Equipment 1) the Pond The public pond kind was utilised in the gurami cultivation between Other: A. The storage pond of the mother This pond had a function of keeping the mother in prepared The maturity of the egg and maintained the health of the mother, the pond took the form of the pond The land that the width around 10 square metre, kedalamam minimal 50 cm And the density of the brood pond 20 female tails and 10 male tails. B. The spawning pond The pond took the form of the land pond that the width 200/300 square metre and The density of the brood pond 1 tail needed 2-10 square metre (depended on the spawning system). As for the condition for the spawning pond It was the temperature of revolving water between 24-28 C levels; the depth of water 75-100 Cm; the foundation of the pond better berpasir. Place means penempel the egg Take the form of injuk or twigs. C. The maintenance pond of the seed/the pond pendederan The area of the pond not more than 50-100 square metre. The depth of pond water Between 30-50 cm. The density better 5-50 tails/square metre. Old The maintenance in the pond pendederan/the seedling between 3-4 weeks,

Measure the land 10 x 10 m. (100 m2). B. For his dyke with the measurement; the part on the width 0,5 m., the part Low him 1 m. and the height 1 m.. C. Put on the pipe/big bamboo for revenue and the issuing of water. Arrange the highness or lowness, in order to be easy put and dismissed Water. D. The hoe the basic land of the brood pond so that loose, then was levelled again. The land will become soft after being irrigated, so as land holes would Was closed, and water did not go out as a result of leaking from the pores. Really the pond Made askew to the side of the water exit. TTG the fisheries cultivation E. For the channel in the middle of-was the brood pond, memanjang from the door Enter water to the exit. It was wide that the channel 0,5 m. and the depth 15 cm. F. Keringkanlah the brood pond with 2 sacks of manure that Spread equitable, afterwards water was put. Let for 1 week, So that fertiliser was destroyed and penetrates to the land and forms moss, as well as Tested so that the pond tidask leaked. High water 0,75-1 m.. 2) Equipment.

Seedling cultivation 1) the parent Election The characteristics of the mother of the good gurami were as follows: A. Had the characteristics of the fast growth. B. The form of the normal body (the long comparison and the ideal weight). C. The measurement of the head relatively small D. The scale composition teratur,licin, the clear colour and mengkilap as well as tidakluka. E. The normal and agile movement. F. The form of the beautiful lip sepertipisang, bermulut small and was not bearded. G. Be aged between 2-5 years. As for the characteristics to distinguish the male mother and the female mother was As follows: A. Female - the Forehead meninjol. - the Foundation of chest fins was obviously dark blackness. - the white Chin brownish. - If being placed to the flat place of the tail only moving. - If the stomach distriping did not issue the liquid. B. Male - the Forehead stood out. - the Foundation of chest fins was obviously whitish. - the yellow Chin. - If being placed to the flat place of the tail will rise. - If the stomach distriping issued the coloured sperm liquid white. 2) the Maintenance of the Mother The mothers were chosen (20-30 tails for the pond measuring 10.The maintenance of the Enlargement 1) the Maintenance of the enlargement could be done in a polikultur manner and Monoculture. A) Polikultur The gurami dipeliharan with the fish tawes, the fish Mas, nilem, mujair or Lele. This method was more beneficial because of the growth of the gurami That was slow enough. B) Monoculture In the maintenance of the special gurami, the seed that was spread minimal must Was 2 months old. The dispersion of the seed totalling 500 tails (the measurement 10-15 cm) Was needed the area of the pond around 1500 square metre 2) Fertilising Fertilising could be carried out with the chemical and manure. In Generally fertilising was only carried out by 1 time in each maintenance, With the intention to increase natural food for the kept animal. The first stage fertilising was carried out when the pond dikeringkan. In At this time fertiliser that was given was manure totalling 7,5 kg to Each 100 m2 the pond, water was left little by little until reached The height 10 cm and was left alone for 3 days. In the following stage fertilising was carried out by using fertiliser Artificial like TSP or Urea fertiliser totalling 500.

The illness The disturbance that could cause the death of the fish to be the illness that Acknowledged as the illness non the para-zither and the illness that were caused by the parasite. The disturbances non the para-zither could take the form of pollution of water like the existence Poisonous gases took the form of the sulphuric acid or ammonia; damage resulting from The capture or the body deviation because of the descendants. His control It was by detecting the pond situation and the behaviour of these fish. Indeed was needed by knowledge and the experience that were enough to Knew him. Fish that are sick usually became thin and slow His movement. The other disturbance that took the form of the para-zither illness, that was resulted in by the bacteria, The virus, the fungus and various other micro-organisms. When the fish was affected by the illness That was caused by the parasite, could be recognised as follows: 1) the Illness in skin; in certain parts was red especially In the chest part, the stomach and the fins starting point. 2) the Illness in gills; closed gills expanded. The sheet of gills to Pale, sometimes apparently the red and grey tinge 3) the Illness in the organ in; the fish stomach swelled, the scale stood. The prevention of this illness emergence could be carried out by lifting the fish.

The pest For the most important seed of the enemy's gurami was the disturbance from the fish Wild/pemangsa and several kept fish kinds like tawes, the gurami and A putt. The other enemy was the monitor lizard, the frog, the snake and various birds Pemangsa. 8. The HARVEST 8,1. The capture The harvesting of the seed could be carried out after the seed was 1 month old. His method By withdrawing water little by little while the water channel entered Reduced. Put on the soft net in the door to the issuing to accommodate The seed or could also by making the ditch in the middle of the pond head towards the hole The issuing. The seed that was treated good could achieve the weight 0,3 gram/the tail in During dipanen. The harvesting produced by the enlargement of the gurami really tersantung from the measurement that Asked for by the consumer. Generally the harvesting was carried out after the fish be aged 2-3 The year, the fish that was 2 years old had long around 25 cm and heavy 0,3 kg/the tail, whereas for the fish that was 3 length years around 35 old Cm and the weight 0,7 kg/the tail. For the fish was 4 length years old could Reached 4.Post-harvest 1) the Handling of the living fish Sometimes this consumption fish is more expensive his price when being sold in The situation lived. The matter that must be paid attention to so that this fish down to The consumer in the living situation, fresh and healthy in part: A. In the transport used water that bersuhu low around 20 levels C. B. Transport time preferably in the morning or in the afternoon. C. The number of densities of the fish in the transport implement was not too solid. 2) the Handling of the fresh fish The fresh fish Mas was the fast product descended his quality. The matter that Must be paid attention to to maintain the freshness in part: A. The capture must be carried out carefully so that fish not the wound. B. Before being packed, the fish must be washed so that clean and mucus. C. The forum for the carrier must be clean and was closed. For the transport of the distance Close (2 trip hours), could be used the basket that was covered with The bananas leaves/plastic. For the transport of the long distance was used the box and Zinc or fiberglass. The box capacity of the maximum 50 kg high The box of the maximum 5.

The fish was placed in the forum that was given ice with the temperature 6-7 C levels. Use ice took the form of the very small discount (loose ice) with the comparison The amount of ice and ikan=1:1. Really the box was covered ice with a thickness of 4-5 cm. Afterwards The fish was compiled on the layer of this ice with a thickness of 5-10 cm, then was followed by the layer of ice Again et cetera. Between the fish and the wall of the box was given ice, was like this Also between the fish and the cover of the box. Whereas matters that must be paid attention to in pananganan post-harvest The seed was as follows: 1) the fish Seed must be chosen that was healthy that is free from the illness, the parasite and Not flawed. After that, the fish seed was just put into the pocket Plastic (the system was closed) or keramba (the system was open). 2) Water that was used by the transport media must be clean, healthy, free the pest and The illness as well as the organic matter lai him. For example could be used water The well that has diaerasi overnight. 3) Before being carried the fish seed must diberok beforehand for several days. Use the place pemberokan took the form of the basin.The system was closed Carried out for the transport of the long-distance seed that needed time More than 4-5 hours, used the pocket of plastic. The volume of the media The transport consisted of clean water 5 litre that was given buffer Na2 (hpo) 4.1H2O totalling 9 gram. The packaging method of the fish seed that Transported by the pocket of plastic: (1) put clean water inside The pocket of plastic afterwards the seed; (3) eliminated air with pressed The pocket of plastic to the surface of water; (3) channelled oxygen from the tube was channelled To the pocket of plastic totalling 2/3 the volume of the cavity whole (air:oksigen=1:2); (4) the pocket of previous plastic was tied. (5) the pocket of plastic Put into the carton with the position lie alongside or was lulled. The carton That have a length of 0,50 m., wide 0,35 m., and high 0,50 m. could Filled up 2 pockets of plastic. Several matters that must be paid attention to after the seed arrived in the destination It was as follows: 1) prepared the solution tetrasiklin 25 ppm in the wash-basin (1 capsule tertasiklin in 10 litre clean water). 2) opened the pocket of plastic, added clean water.The picture of the agribusiness Opportunity The gurami cultivation, had the very high economical value. Nearby it seems that was delicious and soft, this fish was then enjoyed by many people. Has become the tradition in every time kendurian, the gurami always to The main condition for the serving. Nearby it seems that, his maintenance then not too much Was not difficult and eat many fees, so as many fish farmers who began Enjoyed, cultivated this fish, because of the price from each one of his seeds that Cheap could produce the profit 3 fold times from the price of the seed. The price from The gurami in the market was very varying depended on this fish weight. The gurami seriously 1,5 kg could achieve the Rp price 6.000-Rp 8,000 Depended the situation at the time. TIPS……… I took from Trubus. It seems this came from the Kemranjen farmer of the village gurami, Purwokerto. If being felt by the production of the gurami egg descended until 50%, in fact that necessarily 1500-2000 tails per the nest (I experienced 75 items persarang), then the sign of your gurami needed food fried the duck egg. Firstly, The GURAMI cultivation In October 22, 2007 by sutanmuda 1. The SHORT HISTORY The gurami was the kind of the fresh water of the consumption fish, the form of the flat body wide, The back part was coloured merahsawo and the stomach part berwarnakekuningkuningan/ Silvery. The gurami was the Anabantidae family, The descendants Helostoma and the Labyrinthici nation. The gurami came from Sundanese regional waters (West Java, Indonesia), and spread to Malaysia, Thailands, Ceylon and Australia. The growth of the gurami was rather slow Compared to the other fish of the kind fresh water. In Indonesia, Javanese mentioned him the gurami, Gurameh, fish Sumatrans If, the time, kalui, whereas in Kalimantan was acknowledged as Kalui. English Mentioned him “Giant Gouramy”, because of his measurement that was big until Reached heavy 5 kg. 2. Fisheries centres The area in Indonesia that became fisheries centres that is: Sumatra, NTB and Java. Whereas overseas that is: Thailand, Japan and the Philippines. TTG the fisheries cultivation 3. The KIND Classification of the gurami was as follows: The class: Pisces Sub the Class: Teleostei The order: Labyrinthici Sub the Order: Uptil now the death of the age larva 7 days as far as 50% became the spectre for Munajat. Because of him the presence of the predator like the frog, bibis, and uncit was difficult avoidable. The change in the temperature also became the disturbance. That not to mention when rain, small gurami were carried the flow and was lost. “Dari 5,000 seeds, most 2.000—2.500 the tail selamat,” said the birth August 11 1961 that. Was reluctant continually to run at a loss, the retired teacher Islamic School carried out the breakthrough: used technology hapa in the pond pendederan. Although being classified as simple, technology hapa was proven to be effective. The material that was needed only hapa or strimin measurement plastic of the hole 1 mm, the rope rafi a, the stone, eceng the goitre, and the culture media of the plankton. The total cost Rp200.000 to hapa the measurement 3 m. x 5 m. that accommodated 5,000 seeds. Efficiency of the System land hapa gave the profit more the reason for the material and the implement could be used repeatedly. The age strimin reached 5 years. When a year was carried out by 6 times pendederan, was significant for 5 years hapa could be used by 30 times. Land efficiency could be then carried out.

The water threat according to Munajat, the idea used hapa that emerged after him often used strimin as the cross-section of consumption of the measurement gurami before being sold. “Agar was not difficult to arrest him during pengepul datang,” said the alumnus of the Assyafi Islamic University ah that. The ease also that afterwards was tried during pendederan. It was final that 2003, a pond 200 m2 his bank was installed hapa measuring 3 m. x 5 m.. So that the position hapa strong, each corner hapa was given the rope that was tied with the pin in the pond bank. “Tidak all hapa remained water, but was left be as high as 40—50 cm in the surface air,” said the chairman of the Forum for the Banyumas Gurami. The area could accommodate 5,000 seeds. Before the seed ditebar, put the bran mixture, the fish-meal, and the waste of the animal inside hapa. At intervals of a week daphnia, moina, and fitoplankton other will flood hapa. “Benih will grow optimal when the surrounding environment of much food alami,” revealed Triyanto. After the seed ditebar, above hapa was planted eceng the goitre as penahan the rain water. Moreover the root.The gurami cultivation was one of the efforts that could ditekuni. The value of gurami economics was high enough, better was compared by the other freshwater fish, like the fish Mas and the fish mujair. His profit was promising enough, could achieve three fold times from capital. One of the locations of the gurami cultivation was gotten in Sukabumi, West Java. One of the gurami farmers was Deni Rusmawan. To reach the location of the gurami cultivation in Sukabumi from Jakarta could go through the Jagorawi toll road, went out in the Ciawi toll-gate, then took the direction to the Sukabumi city, to be precise in Street Bhayangkara.The process of the gurami cultivation was in this place begun from the selection indukan, spawning, pendederan to the enlargement. Indukan the gurami was chosen that was more than three years old, and has been ripe gonads, so as to be ready for spawning. The condition is, male parent sperm and the female parent ovaries many and had a quality. Gurami spawning was carried out in the special pond. Every time one male mother could fertilise three female mothers. In this special pond was provided straw had the shape of the path, as the female parent nest. After a week was combined, the mother of the female gurami will lay eggs. The productive age of this gurami could reach 10 years. In this pond was maintained by the kind gurami soang and blue the sapphire. The two gurami kinds more kept towards the illness and the change in the extreme weather. The prospective gurami that was produced could have been marketed from the age two weeks to three weeks, with the measurement of two as far as three centimeter. His price revolved 400 through to 500 rupiah per the tail. The enlargement of the gurami was carried ou.Will be given ate three times a day. The dose of his food around three percent of heavy the fish body. Moreover was given additional food took the form of the taro leaves. The prospective gurami that was produced was sold to the farmer keramba in the Jatiluhur Reservoir and the Cirata Reservoir, West Java. Whereas the big gurami with the weight around half kilogram per the tail was marketed to the territory around Sukabumi, Banten and Jakarta. His price revolved 20 thousand through to 25 thousand rupiah per kilogram. To strengthen the gurami business, Deni gathered in the association of the cultivation and the gurami businessman se the Sukabumi Regency. Through this association, the gurami was produced by Deni's cultivation marketed as far as the area outside the Javanese Island, like Bali, NTB and Sulawesi.

The gurami was one of the prima donnas of the freshwater fish. His request was high enough, especially for consumption of the restaurant. His price that was quite stable in the market, revolved 22 thousand rupiah per kilogram, made the gurami often was cultivated by the farmer. The cultivation was carried out from the process of the germination to the enlargement. One of the locations of the gurami cultivation was gotten in the area of Kubang Sari, Banjar, West Java. To reach his location from Jakarta could be followed through the Cipularang toll road. Outside in the Cileunyi Toll-gate, the trip afterwards it was continued to the series city went through Ciamis, to be precise in the area of Kubang Sari. In this place the process of the gurami cultivation was carried out. Someone among them the Nugraha Yo-yo, that has menekuni these efforts since last 2000. The maintenance of the gurami was here carried out in the pond permanent, that his wall was made from cement. In the pond indukan this, was gotten by approximately 300 gurami that each one of his tails had heavy level – level 4 kilogram. Before being spawned, indukan the gurami was chosen that in the healthy and free condition the illness. The process of spawning was carried out in the special pond. For the measurement pond 10 square metre, could be filled up one tail of the mother of the male fish, and 4 tails of the mother of the female fish. That was important was paid attention to in maintaining the gurami, his water must be enough and clean. After 10 days were spawned, the mother of the gurami will lay eggs. His egg adhered to the palm fibre nest. The fish egg that became the larva, in moved in the plastic basin. After being increased for 40 to 50 days, the larva will develop by the fish doll that had the measurement 3 to 5 centimeter. The fish doll was increased in the permanent pond was as deep as 70 as far as 80 centimeter. After moving mature, the gurami could be given ate take the form of pellet. However in this place the gurami was given ate the foliage so as more natural and the pond did not smell. The gurami was ready to be marketed after being increased 4 till 6 months. His price around 22 thousand rupiah per kilogram. The gurami produced by the farmer's cultivation here was marketed to the restaurant - the restaurant in West Java and Central Java. The gurami often had an interest taken in him, because of his meat that was tender and was felt deliciously piquant when being eaten.

The Jelawat Fish cultivation

The Jelawat fish (Leptobarbus hoeveni) the original Indonesian fish was gotten dibeberapa the river in Sumatra and Kalimantan. Was the economical fish kind important really was enjoyed by the Indonesian community even several neighbouring countries. Including the potential export commodity. Despite the maintenance of the fish jelawat for a long time has been carried out but seed supplies fully still were relying on results of the capture of the public's waters that were done in the rain season. This fish kind multiplied in the river at the start musin rain, with the seed child was available seasonallly. Kaena the seed market only relied on results of the capture in the public's waters then not all that was guaranteed by his continuity so as this fish cultivation will be disrupted. Saw the aspect of the requirement for the seed that still was relying on nature then the command of germination technology jeni this fish was efforts that pelu diaktifkan. and this was the efforts opportunity that could produce the big profit.

The germination of the Jelawat Fish (Leptobarbus hoeveni) The method and Cara Pematangan Gonad * the Mother was maintained in the special pond measuring 500-700 m2 the dispersion 0.1-0.25 of kg/m2 * for the maintenance, the mother of the fish dibi food pelet with the content of protein of 25-28% * Food was given totalling 3 % from the weight with the frequency 2-3 per hari * Apart From pelet was given also food take the form of hijauan like the cassava leaves secukupnya * Old the maintenance of the mother approximately 8 bulan * the Mother who was ready pijah was received by means of seleksi Pemijahan Spawning jelawat could be carried out scara natural and artificial. In the package of this technology was carried out by artificial spawning.

The mother was selected necessary diberok for one hari.Penyuntikan the HCG hormone and the gland hipofisa against the female mother was carried out 2 kali the I Injecting (PI): 1 dose of the gland hipofisa was increased 200 IU HCG per the mother betin.Penyuntikan Ii (PII): 2 doses of the gland hipofisa was increased 300 IU per the female mother. The time hose between PI and PII, 5-6 jam.Ovulasi happened between 10-1 hours from PI.Telur and sperm were issued by means of diurut.Pembuahan the egg was done by mixing sperm and the egg in the plastic wash-basin. If the egg expanded was ready to be kept in the forum penetasan Penetasan.Padat tebar 400-500 items of the egg per liter.Selama the hatching of water must be maintained by his quality (O2 4-8 ppm; the pH 7.0-8.0; T:25-28 the level .Pada the temperature of water 25-28 C levels the egg will hatch 18-4 hours after The maintenance of the Larva * Larva was maintained directly ditempat the hatching of the egg of * Cangkang and the egg that did not hatch was cleaned in a penyiponan manner * Hari was to 3 larvae given Naupil Artemia food (that just hatched) adequate * Pemberian of food 3 times a day (the morning, the afternoon ,sore) * Hari to 7 after hatching the fish seed was ready to didederkan in the pond Pendederan * Persiapan for the pond covered drainage 2-3 days, the improvement of the dyke, the production of the middle channel (kamalir) and fertilising with uterus fertiliser totalling 500-700 gr per m2. The pond was filled up water until the height 80-100 cm. To the revenue channel was installed the filter take the form of hapa soft to avoid the entry of the wild fish * the Seed was spread 3 days after the filling of pond water densely the dispersion 100-150 of ekor/m2 * the fish Seed was given food took the form of debris flour pelet with the dose 10-20 % per the day that contained approximately 25% protein * Old the maintenance 2-3 weeks * the Seed that was produced by the measurement 2-3 cm and was ready to pendederan the continuation. The Jelawat fish (Leptobarbus hoeveni) the original Indonesian fish was gotten dibeberapa the river in Sumatra and Kalimantan. Was the economical fish kind important really was enjoyed by the Indonesian community even several neighbouring countries. Including the potential export commodity. Despite the maintenance of the fish jelawat for a long time has been carried out but seed supplies fully still were relying on results of the capture of the public's waters that were done in the rain season. This fish kind multiplied in the river at the start musin rain, with the seed child was available seasonallly. Kaena the seed market only relied on results of the capture in the public's waters then not all that was guaranteed by his continuity so as this fish cultivation will be disrupted. Saw the aspect of the requirement for the seed that still was relying on nature then the command of germination technology jeni this fish was efforts that pelu diaktifkan. and this was the efforts opportunity that could produce the big profit. The germination of the Jelawat Fish (Leptobarbus hoeveni) The method and Cara Pematangan Gonad * the Mother was maintained in the special pond measuring 500-700 m2 the dispersion 0.1-0.25 of kg/m2 * for the maintenance, the mother of the fish dibi food pelet with the content of protein of 25-28% * Food was given totalling 3 % from the weight with the frequency 2-3 per hari * Apart From pelet was given also food take the form of hijauan like the cassava leaves secukupnya * Old the maintenance of the mother approximately 8 bulan * the Mother who was ready pijah was received by means of seleksi.
Emijahan Spawning jelawat could be carried out scara natural and artificial. In the package of this technology was carried out by artificial spawning. * the Mother was selected necessary diberok for one day * the Injecting of the HCG hormone and the gland hipofisa against the female mother was carried out by 2 times * the I Injecting (PI): 1 dose of the gland hipofisa was increased 200 IU HCG per the female mother * the Injecting Ii (PII): 2 doses of the gland hipofisa was increased 300 IU per the female mother * the time Hose between PI and PII, 5-6 hours * Ovulation happened between 10-1 hours from PI * the Egg and sperm were issued by means of being massaged * egg Fertilisation was carried out by mixing sperm and the egg in the plastic wash-basin * If the egg expanded was ready to be kept in the forum for the hatching The hatching * Padat tebar 400-500 items of the egg per litre * Selama the hatching of water must be maintained kialitas him (O2 4-8 ppm; the pH 7.0-8.0; T:25-28 the C level) * Pada the temperature of water 25-28 C levels the egg will hatch

The Nilem fish cultivation

The fish nilem usually was cooked pepes because his measurement was not too big. This fish could be sold in the economical package.
The introduction to the Kind
The form of the fish body nilem (Osteochilus hasselti) almost like the fish Mas. The difference is, the head of the fish nilem relative smaller. To corners of his mouth, was gotten two pairs of feelers antennae. The colour of his body hijau­ grey. Back fins had 3 hard fingers and 12-18 soft fingers. Tail fins have the shape of prop up and symmetrical. Anus fins were supported oleh 3 hard fingers and 5 soft fingers. Stomach fins was supported by 1 hard finger and 8 soft fingers. Chest fins consisted of 1 hard finger and 13-15 soft fingers. The number of scales to the side scratch had 33-36 slivers. Closely the corner of the upper jaw had 2 pairs of feelers antennae. The fish nilem could reach long the body 32 cm. In West Java, the fish nilem had the popularity a little under the fish Mas. In various other areas, this fish was known as the fish lehat, regis, monto, palong, palouw, pawas, assang, or penopa. This fish was gotten in Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan, Malaysia, and Thailand. Generally, the fish nilem could be maintained to the area with the height around 150-800 m. dpl.
The Hidup habit in the wild
Nilem lived in the clear environment. Therefore, this fish could be found in rivers. 1. The habit makan Nilem was classified as the eater's fish of plants (herbivore). 2. The habit developed biak Usually, this fish will spawn on the end of the rainy season, in the area that berpasir and juicy clear. In the place of the cultivation, the fish nilem could be spawned year round by arranging the condition for the environment. C. Memilih Induk The fish nilem including the fish that was productive because could dipijahkan 3-4 times in a year. The success of spawning was really determined in the parent factor and the regulation of the spawning environment. So, the parent election of the fish nilem that will be spawned barns met the condition as follows.

The characteristics of the mother that berkualitas Female jantan His age reached 1-1.5 tahun.Berat the body around 100 g.Bila was massaged slowly to the side of the implement hole genital, the female mother will issue the coloured liquid yellowish. Jantan His stomach expanded and was felt soft when being felt. Was 8 Weight months old around 100 g. When dipijat the stomach to the side of the implement genital, the male mother will issue the liquid like milk.

Spawning in Kolam To spawn the fish in the pond, must prepare the construction of the pond, preparations for the pond, and the process of spawning. 1. The construction kolam The pond of fish spawning nilem measuring 2 m2 that terhubung with the hatching pond measuring 20 M2. The spawning pond also terhubung with the pond pendederan. The distance of the surface of water with the door to water revenue around 15 cm. 2. Preparations kolam The depth of water in the spawning pond 50 cm. While the hatching pond of the available egg was beneath it filled up water be as deep as 30-40 cm. Really the hatching pond must berpasir and free from mud in order to not disrupt the process of the hatching of the egg. Among the two ponds was installed the filter so that the mother nilem not washed away to the hatching pond. Several farmers installed the stone and buried grass kakawatan (Cynodon dactylon) to obstruct the escape of the mother to the hatching pond, but did not obstruct water that brought the egg to the hatching pond. As for the water debit that entered the pond was enlarged to stimulate parent spawning nilem. Pemijahan The fish diberok (dipuasakan) before for 3-7 days to throw the waste from inside his stomach away. Pemberokan better be carried out in the pond that was separated in order to spawning not happen that not diharapakan or 'mijah maling’.' When preparations for the spawning pond and the pond the hatching has been finished then 20 pairs of the mother were put into the spawning pond. Try to get pemasukkan the mother was done in the afternoon because nilem liked spawned tonight. Around at daybreak, usually nilem will spawn. This fish will spawn in the shallow part close to the disposal pipe of water. Eggs that were issued, then was fertilised. This egg afterwards would washed away was brought water and entered the hatching pond. After that, the morning harinya The mothers were caught and returned to the maintenance pond of their respective mother.

Spawning The fish diberok (dipuasakan) before for 3-7 days to throw the waste from inside his stomach away. Pemberokan better be carried out in the pond that was separated in order to the Hatching of the Egg and the Maintenance of the Seed not happen The egg that built up near the door to revenue of the hatching pond was levelled with the broom lidi or harrowed. When being left alone menumpuk, would many eggs that did not hatch. The hatching pond better be given daun­daun bananas to reduce the intensity of the sun rays that entered or the rain water. Five days afterwards the seed nilem could dipanen to be sold, was spread to the paddy-field, or was maintained in the pond pendederan. His capture method by accommodating the fish in the sewerage system that was installed soft cloth, then moved him in stages to hapa that was installed by using the bucket. The seed that was produced from a pair nilem measuring 100-150 g totalling 15-000-30,000 tails. F. Pendederan and the Enlargement When the seed would didederkan into the pond pendederan, then the lock that terhubung with the pond pendederan was opened. Therefore, the seed nilem.

Baby Fish the Nilem Fish: Cute but Promising

The feeling that was more deliciously piquant, was available instant and durable, became this product reason for being the certain circle favourite. Although his price was moderate expensive. “Baby fish goreng”. This whim food increasingly is enjoyed by the community, especially the middle circle above. It was proven that even more products were present in the guest plate of the menu at the hotel, the restaurant, in fact until the golf-course. “Biasa him the visitors who played golf chose baby fish fried as the friend of the rice menu liwet,” said Abdulwakhid, one of the businessmen baby fish the whim. Mentioned baby fish, because this raw material of the whim product was fish seeds that just measuring 5-7 cm. The fish that was used also could various things, one of them was the fish nilem. Muhamad Husen, Chairman Forum Nilem Priangan believed this product was more often consumed as camilan. According to him, when being packed with apik and the process of his processing terstandar, not impossible this product in the future became the typical Priangan work. That found it easy to be received in the stall and the supermarket. Konon, camilan this decorated supermarkets in various cities besar,” said Husen. The fish nilem often was chosen as the raw material, according to Wakhid, because the kind fish had many surpluses. He admitted to reading results of the research that named the fish nilem had the content of acid glutamat high. And this factor was believed in made the feeling baby fish fried from the fish nilem became more deliciously piquant, although without the increase penyedap the feeling. “Termasuk if compared with baby fish fried had standard material the fish Mas or the fish bilih,” he said half did a promotion.

Normally in Restoran-Sunda Ada Harga of this whim product was moderate high. Each ounce baby fish fried the fish nilem normally was sold with the Rp price 22,000 - Rp 24,000. It is not surprising if most lovers of this food was from the middle circle above. Wakhid then was convinced, this product market share was still being open wide, especially for the Jabodetabek territory. “Biasa him each restaurant-Sunda must provide baby fish goreng,” he said convincing. The characteristics from baby fish fried that at once could be consumed and durable, became this product reason for being the choice of the community. This together with the community's preference that increasingly tended to instant food products. Wakhid told a story, initially the business baby fish fried the fish nilem often developed in the Singaparna territory, Tasikmalaya. “Ikan nilem was the local species, often was gotten in Priangan Timur, including Tasikmalaya,” more Dayat Bastiawan, one of the researchers in the Inserted Breaker Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar Hall (BRPBAT), Sempur-Bogor that also entered to the whim business baby fish the fish nilem.

The data from Husen that also Chairman Departemen of Budidaya DPP HNSI fisheries (the Association of the Fisherman All of Indonesia), mentioned the production of the fish nilem West Java in 2005 that penetrated 13 thousand ton, 94.2% him came from Priangan.

So that the Berkualitas Menurut Dayat Product, to produce 1 kg the product baby fish fried, was needed the raw material not less than 3 kg the fish seed nilem. The price of the fish seed nilem this measurement revolved Rp 12,000 of – Rp 14.000 per kg. Cheaper compared with the price of the fish seed Mas that reached Rp 17,000 - Rp 18.000 per kg. It was same that the reason that made the processors baby fish this more chose the fish nilem as the raw material than the fish Mas. “Kualitas the product that was produced was not far berbeda,” said Dayat. The cost of the fish seed Mas, because of must compete with pembudidaya KJA, that also needed the fish seed Mas.

So that the price of the product baby fish fried the fish nilem stayed good, his demand was the quality that must be first-rate. And to baby fish fried stayed durable and high-quality good, Dayat suggested the processors paid attention to the level of the drought from the product that was produced by him. “Minyak that was obeyed in the fish must ditiriskan complete by using the implement in order to be not easy rancid, so as durable. The procedure of the implement of the oil dryer, was the same as the drying implement to the machine cuci,” said Dayat long. Alhasil, the product baby fish this could remain up until 4 months. “Jika not ditiriskan fastest only kept 1 bulan,” he continued. The form of the wok that was used then was critical for the quality of the product. Wakhid suggested, better should not use the wok that have the shape of sunken, because hot that was produced not equitable so as the product was then ripe him was not equitable. “Untuk got hot equitable, better use the wok have the shape of persegi. After the fish dicemplungkan did not need many dibolak-returned, so as his fish also not bengkok”. The process of the wok took place around 1 ½ the hour