The dog was the carnivores mammal that experienced the domestication from the wolf since 15,000 last year or possibly already since 100,000 last year were based on genetic proof took the form of the discovery of the fossil and the test of DNA. Penelitian other expressed the history of the domestication of the dog that was not yet so old. The dog developed by hundreds of races by various variation sorts, from the high dog the body several puluh cm like Chihuahua to Irish Wolfhound that the height more than one metre. The colour of the dog hair could be of various types, from white to black, also red, grey (often was acknowledged as "blue"), and chocolate. Moreover, the dog had various hair kinds, from that was very short to that the length could reach several centimetre. The dog hair could be straight or curly, and bertekstur rough through to soft like the woollen thread .
Relations with humankind
The dog was the same social animal as in the case of humankind. The nearness of the pattern of the behaviour of the dog with humankind made the dog could be trained, was asked playing, lived with humankind, and was asked bersosialiasi with humankind and the other dog. The dog had the unique position in relations antarspesies. Loyalty and the service that were shown by the dog really resembled the concept of humankind about the love and the friendship. Although being natural instinct the dog as the group's animal, the owner of the dog really appreciated loyalty and the dog service and regarded him as the family's member personally. The pet dog in fact often until was given by the surname that was same like the name of his owner. On the other hand, the dog regarded humankind as his group's member. The dog only a little distinguished the position the owner with the colleague of the dog that still one group, and even often did not distinguish him completely.
The terminology
The dog term referred to the dog produced by the domestication of Canis lupus-familiaris. The dog had been classified as Canis familiaris by Linnaeus in 1758. But in 1993, the Smithsonian Agency and the Ahli Association of the American Mammal the dog was maintained as the sub-species of the grey Canis wolf lupus. In Indonesia, the original jackal the Sumatran island and Java were acknowledged as Ajag.
IntelligenceThe person liked to maintain the dog because of the clever animal dog. The dog it was considered had intelligence that was high enough according to the scientific research and field proof. The IQ of the dog depended on the race and respectively the dog in a manner the individual. The Border Collie thoroughbred dog famous could obey and undertook various the kind ordered. The other thoroughbred dog possibly was not interested following the human order, but rather liked to show the skill in the matter of stealing food or bolting from the fenced page. The dog origin as the descendants of the wolf that lived gathered made the dog so more was easy to be trained to be compared by the other animal. As the group's member, the dog had instinct to obedient. Most dogs indeed often might not do business with the very complicated task, so as to not have the studying opportunity matters that were difficult as opening the door without help of humankind. The dog that has been trained as the guide's dog for tuna netra could know various state of emergency sorts and the method avoided this situation.
The characteristics of physics
The thoroughbred dog was very varying in the measurement, the appearance and the behaviour compared with the other kept animal. Most dogs were still having the physical characteristics that were reduced from the wolf. The dog was the animal pemangsa and the eater's animal of the carcass, had sharp teeth and the jaw that were strong to attack, biting, and tore apart food. The typical characteristics of the ancestors of the wolf were still remaining to the dog, although breeding selectively succeeded in changing the physical form of various kinds of the thoroughbred dog. The dog had the strong muscle, united ankle bones, the system kardiovaskuler that supported physical endurance as well as the running speed, and teeth to catch and tear prey. When compared with the structure of bones foot humankind, technically the proceeding dog walked on tiptoe with toes.
The sight
The dog previously it was supposed dikromatis, so as to be able to be acknowledged as colour-blind according to the standard of humankind. [7] [8] but the research that was carried out lately precisely showed the dog could see several colours, although unlike that could be seen by humankind. For the dog, the colour was the signal subliminal that was arrested to distinguish the form from the object that mutual overlaps, and not the colour to the object that at once could be distinguished by the dog. According to the research, the dog could see various nuances of the yellow, purple or violet colour. The dog eyepiece was flatter compared with the human eyepiece, so as the dog not all that could see in a manner details were compared by humankind. On the other hand, the dog eyes were more sensitive to the light and the movement was compared the human eyes. Several thoroughbred dogs, had the view field until 270°. As the comparison, humankind only had the view field 180°. The view field of the thoroughbred dog with the wide head and the two eyes in front in fact almost was the same as humankind, only around 180° .
The sense of listening
The dog could hear the low frequency voice 16 through to 20Hz (humankind only heard the frequency 20-70 Hz), and the high frequency voice from 70 kHz to 100 kHz (humankind only heard the frequency 13-20 kHz) .Selain that, the dog could menggerak-moved the earlobe so that fast could determine the location of the source of the actual voice. More than 18 muscles to the earlobe enabled the dog tilted, turned, put to bed, or maintained the earlobe. The dog could determine the source of the voice was faster than humankind, at the same time could hear the voice that his source of four times was more far that could be heard by humankind. The dog with the earlobe have the shape of natural (erect like the wolf earlobe) usually had listening that better than the leafy dog ears fell as being gotten to many species produced by the domestication.
The sense pencium
The dog had almost 220 million cells penciuman that was sensitive terhap was smelly. The width approximately was as wide as the handkerchief, very wide when being compared the cell penciuman that was had by humankind. As the standard, humankind only had 5 million cells penciuman that occupied the area was as wide as the stamp. Several deliberate in fact kinds of the thoroughbred dog were bred in order to be born the puppy with the sense penciuman that was better. The mechanism of the information collection on the dog brain was based on particles of the smell that succeeded in being discovered was not yet known clearly. According to results of the research, the dog could distinguish two smell kinds: the particle of the smell in air that spread from the person or the object, and the particle of the smell in the land that still could be detected after several old. Characteristically two particle kinds of the smell apparently was different enough. The particle of the available smell in air was easy to be lost, but possibly so clear and was not mixed with the other scents, whereas the particle of the smell in the relative land more permanent. The tracker dog must be asked to carry him out repeatedly and was careful, because the smell that adhered in the land was easy dirtiest with the other scents. The tracker dog coach has understood that the dog was not possible still was taught to trace the scents on the natural capacity that had been owned since being born. The dog could be only motivated as well as possible and was taught so that could concentrate on to the tracks of the main smell. The tracker dog that was trained to have to be able to ignore various tracks of the other smell. The dog that is not trained usually to be happy very much discovered various smell sorts apart from the tracks of the smell that was ordered. When carrying out the work that was exhausting for the tracker dog (for example to look for the contraband on the ship), the dog must be motivated in order to want the hard work in a period of that was long.
Food
Some animal experts now debate the kept dog was classified as the omnivore animal or carnivores were based on food that was eaten. Classification in the carnivores order did not mean the dog must eat meat exclusively. Was not the same his matter with the cat family that was classified as true carnivores with the shorter small intestine, the dog did not depend on certain meat protein or high food protein to satisfy the requirement ate that most the foundation. The dog could digest well various food sorts, including among them vegetables and serealia that could be consumed by the dog in the big portion. Plants were eaten by the wild dog to satisfy the requirement for the amino acid.Moreover, the wild dog also ate the contents of the stomach and the intestines contained plants that were digested by the herbivore animal that became his prey. The kept dog could survive healthy only with vegetarian food that was gathered well, especially that contained milk and the egg. But several sources precisely made this hesitate, the vegetarian dog could it was worried about experience the enlargement of the heart muscle dilated ocardimyopathy resulting from the lack of the amino acid L-karnitin. Nevertheless, the dog could stay healthy if being given the nutrient that was balanced because L-karnitin naturally was contained by various legume kinds, the seeds, vegetables, the fruit, and serealia without peeling skin. In the wild, the dog could survive with vegetarian food if the fugitive's animal had not been available. But was based on the scientific research and the experience when the Iditarod race race that required the dog to remain for days in the cruel nature situation, the dog must get high food protein (40%) including meat to prevent network damage of the muscle. The similar research also was valid for the other mammalian animal. Protein was in the high percentage consumed by the wild dog if the fugitive's animal was overflowing. Giving of food with protein that was higher than the level of the percentage that was needed apparently did not have the addition of his benefit for the dog. The dog often be addicted to grazed and in fact might-might then. There were many explanations about this habit. Grass could neutralise side acid or ate grass could make the dog vomit. The dog reason grazed possibly because of wanting to issue the substance that was not wanted from the stomach. Whereas in the matter of fading, the dog more found it easy to vomit than humankind. This capacity to come from the habit ate that was had by the hunting animal in groups. Food must be swallowed as quickly as possible to be able to eat as much as possible before being finished by the other herd member. After eating, the dog often spewed again out bones that could not be digested, the animal hair that was preyed on, et cetera. Some kept dogs even fussy and to "chose-chose" in the matter of food, his matter must no longer eat to just survived.
Food was dangerous
Some normal food was enjoyed by humankind could result in fatal for the dog, including including being brown (Teobromina poisoning), the onion (the shallot), the grape, the raisin, several chewing gum kinds, the certain artificial sweetener, and Makadamia peanuts. Now succeeded in being learnt that cocoa was the dangerous substance for the dog, whereas white chocolate possibly was not dangerous. The grape and the raisin just it was known were dangerous for the dog since 2000 and the owner of the dog not yet all of them knew about this. Because definitely the wine and the dangerous raisin for the dog are not yet known now. But a veterinary surgeon believed the system of dog immunity became active and attacked body cells personally as a result of being triggered by the virus that attacked the wine crop. This situation was mentioned autoimun acute to the dog and equally fatal him with FIP to the cat. Whatever the reason, the dog might be in no way given ate grape, various raisin kinds and his product like the biscuit sultana. Bones that have been boiled might be in no way given to the dog, moreover chicken bones. The heating changed the characteristics of chemistry and the physical characteristics of bones that resulted in bones could not be digested by the dog truly. Bones broke to sharp and dangerous parts the digestion of the dog. The human medicine might be in no way given to the dog as the replacement of medicine that diresepkan for the dog. The human medicine there is one that is very poisonous for the dog, especially medicine of the feeling remover was sick contained paracetamol or asetaminofen (flu medicine). The alcoholic drink also had the level of the danger that was same against the dog and humankind. The dog often regarded several interesting poison kinds to be tried, so as to have to be kept away from the antifreeze liquid (antifreeze), snail poison, insects poison, and mouse poison. The dog was most often cheated the liquid antidingin that tasted sweet and was good for the dog. Could when lying down, the sleep dog above tumpahan or second-hand tumpahan the liquid antidingin from the car, affected the hair and was licked-licked. The owner of the dog in the country that did not know .Poisonous decorative plants when being eaten by the dog among them the taro decorated (caladium), Sri Rejeki, and Philodendron that all of them could cause the irritation kerongkongan. Hops that was used as perasa to beer was very dangerous and could cause the high fever (malignant hyperthermia). [14] Amarilis, Bunga Bakung, Hedera helix, the Slice, and the deaf roots could cause the irritation of the stomach that often continued in paralysis of the centre nervous system as far as the comma and the death. The dog could die if not deliberate was eaten the Digitalis crop, Convallaria, Bunga butter, as well as Consolida genus decorative plants and Delphinium because of the system kardiovaskuler to was disturbed. Various decorative plants kinds from the Taxus genus also were not not more dangerous because of affecting the dog nervous system. The owner of the dog that came across his kept dog ate one of the above crops immediately must bring his dog to the veterinary surgeon. The liquid of the domestic cleaner also was dangerous for the dog, ammonia, the liquid of clothes bleach, karbol, soap, detergent, camphor and the match. Cosmetics like the deodorant, hair dye, the nail polish and acetone and sunblock also must be kept away from the dog.
The health
The dog was susceptible to various illnesses, began that was very light to that was dangerous. Several illnesses among also was the illness in humankind, but another part was the special illness the dog. As in the case of the mammal, the dog was also susceptible to the fatigue resulting from the hot weather, high humidity air, or the change in the drastic temperature .
The illness
Infectious diseases that were easy to attack the dog among them the rabies illness (the mad dog), parvovirus, and distemper. The gift illness in the dog that was unloaded genetically among them the HD illness (the formation deviation of the hip pivot), the foundation deviation of knees (patellar luxation), through to epilepsy and the deviation of the valve of lung blood vessels (pulmonal stenosis). The dog could suffer almost all the illnesses that could be suffered by humankind, from hypothyroidism, cancer, had a toothache, to the heart disease.
The parasite animal
The parasite animal that often attacked the part of the body of the exterior dog was various lice kinds, tungau and caplak. Whereas the parasite animal that lived in the dog stomach was the bracelet worm, the whip worm, the hook worm, and the mine worm.
The physical deviation
Some thoroughbred dogs were susceptible to the gift illness, like the formation deviation of the hip pivot (the HD illness), the foundation deviation of knees (patellar luxation), the deviation of the gap of the mouth ceiling, blindness, or ketulian. The dog could also be affected by the illness that often was suffered by humankind, including diabetes, epilepsy, cancer, and artritis. The thoroughbred dog berdada wide often had the problem of the gas surplus on the stomach (gastric torsion)
The life expectancy
The life expectancy of the dog depended on his thoroughbred kind. The measuring thoroughbred dog big in general only could live up until 7-8 years, whereas the Terrier thoroughbred dog the small measurement could live up until 20 years. The life expectancy in general the measuring dog was and the village dog was approximately 13-14 years. According to the note that could be believed, the dog was longest the age that was 29 years old had finally died in 1939. The dog could be Many Happy Returns if being given food in a true manner, played sport, and was asked to the veterinary surgeon for the check-up in an orderly fashion. The owner of the dog must also lavish attention to all the requirements for the dog and loved him with all my heart.
The behaviour laku
The dog was the social animal, but the identity and the behaviour of the dog could differ depended respectively on the race. Moreover, the identity and the behaviour of the dog depended on the treatment that was accepted from the owner of the dog and people that communicated with the dog. The dog that accepted the violence from the owner or intentionally was made be hungry could become the fast dog angry and dangerous. The owner who failed to educate the dog could cause the behaviour of the dog to not normal. [reconciliation? ] not rare, the dog that was inattentive from the owner and not all that education to liked mengigit the person or attacked other animals.
The dog ancestors and the history domestikasi
The research sistematika molecular showed the dog (Canis lupus familiaris) was the descendants from one or more the wild wolf population (Canis lupus). As could be seen from the name order (the nomenclature) for the dog, the dog ancestors was the wolf. The dog could also be married cross with the wolf. Relations between humankind and the dog had the long history. The wolf fossil was found with the family's fossil Hominidae that came from 400,000 last year. The merging of genetics proof and arkelogis showed the dog already didomestikasi since the end the Palaeolithic Atas time that was the transition between the Pleistosin time and Holosin, between 17,000 samapi 14,000 last year. Nevertheless, the research and the analysis of old genetics, the modern dog, and the wolf of the time dog of morphology of the bones fossil still could not ascertain the domestication origin of the dog. All the possibility dogs came only from one wolf group that experienced the domestication. But had the possibility of the dog didomestikasi be separated-separated in more than one location. In several opportunities, the dog produced by the domestication possibly also married the herd of the wild wolf.
The eldest dog fossil was two bones kranium from Russia and the lower jaw from Germany from 13,000 to 17.000 last year. The big possibility of the eldest ancestors of the dog fossil was the big wolf the Holarktik region north Canis lupus lupus. The dog fossil that was smaller than legacy caves of Natufian culture from the Mesolitik time. The fossil it was estimated came from 12,000 last year and was the descendants of the Asian wolf west the Canis power lupus arabs that measured the body was. From the cave mural and the remnants of origin bones 14,000 last year, the dog has spread from African Utara to Eurasia and North America. The person of the old time in Europe has appreciated the dog as the true friend. In Svaerdborg, Denmark was gotten the dog cemetery that was adjacent with the person's grave from the Mesolitik time. The DNA analysis that was carried out uptil now showed different results. Vilà, Savolainen, and the colleague (1997) concluded that the dog was the branching from the wolf that happened around 75,000 to 135.000 last year. The continued analysis that was carried out by Savolainen et al. (2002) showed the "dog to all the populations came from the source" of the "gene (Gene pool) single" together with the wolf. The branching happened in East Asia around 40,000 to 15.000 last year. Verginelli et al. (2005) precisely proposed so that when the occurrence of the branching of the dog must be from the wolf reviewed. The reason is, the geological age from the younger fossil often was valued too high according to the grating of the more inaccurate molecular hour. As the middle road that agreed with archaeological proof, the branching of the dog and the possibility wolf big happened around 15,000 last year. Verginelli researched DNA proof from 5 Canidae prehistoric fossils that according to the grating method of carbon of coming from 15,000 to 3.000 last year, 341 wolves from several populations all over the world, and 547 pure thoroughbred dogs. Results of the research of showing the dog to the ancestors came from various herds that were separated, and or interbreed (was married mutually) with the ancient dog and the wolf in various places that were spread all over the world. The history of the dog that more gave details was not yet finished was researched, and until the availability of proof that could be believed, the history of the ancestors of the wolf along with this only had an estimate nature then.The ancestors of the wolf
Although all the wolves including in the Canis species lupus, all over the world was gotten (or had been available) various sub-species of the different wolf the appearance, the physical characteristics, and the social structure. The Japanese wolf that has been extinct and Canis lupus lycaon from North America had the colour of the hair, the hunting technique, and the different social structure. Compared with the sub-species of the other wolf, the Indian Wolf it was estimated often played a role in producing various dog kinds. At the same time the ancestors of various wild dog kinds that now could be found in various places of the world like the dingo and the Pariah's dog. The Indian wolf also possibly married the descendants of the European Wolf and produced the Mastiff thoroughbred dog. The next one of the Mastiff developed various kinds of the thoroughbred dog like Pug, Saint Bernard, and Bloodhound. Tibetan Mastiff also was the descendants Mastiff that was oldest. The European wolf played a role in producing the Spitz thoroughbred dog, most terrier, and various available sheepdog kinds now. The China wolf the big possibility was the ancestors of the Peking dog and toy Spaniel. But possibly the descendants of the China wolf and the wolf of Europe were married mutually for centuries that was previous and produced various mini dog kinds from Asia. The Canis species wolf lupus lycaon was the direct ancestors for most (or all) the dog penarik the snow carriage (sled dog) that lived in North America. Interbreeding between the dog that lived in the Arktik region and the wolf still was taking place. The descendants who were produced were really liked by humankind, because of having the physical characteristics similar to the wolf that could remain in the wild the cruel pole. Peranakan dog-wolf also often not disengaja, because by chance the dog and the wolf lived in the same environment. The characteristics of the phenotype that distinguished the wolf from the dog almost were not available. The wolf usually has the "tail feather that expanded" and the erect earlobe. Most dogs only had one of the two typical characteristics of the wolf, although having also the thoroughbred dog that had both of them.
The process of the domestication
The research that was carried out lately showed the domestication of the animal or the characteristics of the domestication could to the animal take place in time that was shorter than time that had been estimated first. The domestication of the wild dog could take place in one or two generation of humankind when being carried out by the selective cultivation intentionally. The domestication of the dog was initially pushed by the mutually beneficial motive by the two sides. The wild dog that picked up leftovers around the settlement of humankind got more food compared with colleagues of one herd that still was wild and frightened to humankind. The wild dog that by chance attacked ancient humankind or his children the possibility was expelled or killed, whereas the wild dog that was friendly towards humankind congratulations. Ancient humankind made use of the dog to expel the wild animal the human intruder. The sense of the sharp dog made the dog be assigned as the guard of humankind from the arrival of the animal pemangsa that always lurked.
Dog meat
Apart from as the kept animal, the dog was still being bred and disembelih as the source of protein in several places in the world. In countries that loved the dog as the kept animal, ate dog meat was the taboo action and opposed the habit. In several provinces in Indonesia, dog meat was eaten as the source of good protein frankly and secretly. In Manado food, dog meat was known as "RW" (the abbreviation from "rintek wuuk" that in the Tombulu language meant the soft hair). Batak cooking also knew cooking of dog meat, although dog meat that berkode "B1" not food that was most popular in kuliner Tapanuli. In Solo, Sate Jamu or Sengsu was the term for satay and tongseng dog meat.
The famous dog
The human friendship and the dog that took place have for a long time made plenty of dogs to be famous because loyalty was against humankind or by chance maintained by the famous person who was hated by many people. In the popular culture, various leading figures of the dog became famous because of his role in the novel, serial television, the film, and the game of the video.
The thoroughbred dog
All over the world was gotten by more than 800 kinds of the thoroughbred dog (the dog trah) that it was admitted by kennel club in various countries. The "dog" term "trah pure" in fact only was current for several certain generations of the dog, his matter of all the thoroughbred dogs came from the mixed dog. Main kind of the thoroughbred dog was results of the evolution more than 10,000 last year and equally old him with the history of the domestication of the dog. But most thoroughbred dogs precisely were the product from intentionally artificial selection. Various thoroughbred dogs that were produced by artificial selection really had the special characteristics that only were typical for this race. As a result, two dogs could be from the different race seen very different, although both of them were the same animal. Although together the dog and his appearance were seen very different, the dog could be still recognising the colleague of the fellow dog among other animals. The definition of the thoroughbred dog (the dog trah) really invited the controversy. Depended on the total founding population, breeding by using Gene pool was closed that resulted in the occurrence of the marriage a relatives or the effect of the founder. The dog breeder (kennel) increasingly has been aware of the importance of the gene population and maintained the diversity in Gene pool. The check-up and the DNA test that were carried out by the dog breeder could avoid was born him puppies with the problem of the health and the serious behaviour.Some organisations of the thoroughbred dog have determined the standard for a race (trah) in a lax manner. A dog could have been put as the thoroughbred member when having 75% of the available characteristics in this race. Consideration that was same about the standard of the thoroughbred dog also was put into effect in the exhibition of the dog. The pure thoroughbred dog that won the exhibition of the dog also sometimes did not escape from the genetic disturbance resulting from the effect of the founder and the marriage antarkerabat Nevertheless, this problem only was not limited to the pure thoroughbred dog but also could be current to the population of the mixed dog. The profit maintained the thoroughbred dog was the behaviour and the physical form that could be expected with more accurate. The Labrador Retriever dog generally likes to play water, whereas Beagle definitely him really was attracted by various scents. On the other hand, the physical form and the behaviour of the mixed dog were difficult to be expected and sometimes very unique. In February 2004, Canine Studies Institute in Aurora, Ohio grouped the dog to 10 categories. The mixed dog or the dog mongrel was the dog that not be classed as in the certain race, and was the mixture of 2 races or more in various percentages. The mixed dog (the village dog), or the dog without the pure thoroughbred origin in no way more good or uglier was compared by the thoroughbred dog to be used as the friend, the kept animal, the worker's dog, or competed in dog sport. The mixed dog even sometimes deliberate was made, for example the Cockapoo dog that was the Cocker Spaniel mixture with the mini Poodle. The intentionally conflict like this it was hoped produced the puppy that was more superior as resulting from from heterosis. Moreover, the puppy could have the other characteristics that were wanted, but lost one or more the characteristics that were owned orantua him, like the temperament or the colour of the hair. Nevertheless, the conflict without the genetics test sometimes could reduce genetics damage that was owned by the two parents. The cross marriage intentionally between.
Neoteni in the evolution of various thoroughbred dogs
The evolution that was fast from the wolf became the dog was the example neoteni or pedomorfosis. Like the other species, the wolf child more was social and not more dominant was compared by the mature wolf. Good deliberately Ma also not, the characteristics of the wolf child who was liked by humankind more tended to result in the childish characteristics that continued to be carried to become the mature wolf. The selection pedomorfosis naturally also resulted in the physical characteristics survival of the young wolf. Compared with the wolf, most mature thoroughbred dogs continued to maintain the physical characteristics of children, like the soft hair, the plump body, the head and the big eyes, the earlobe that fell and not erect, as well as various other characteristics that were owned by the young mammal. All of them in order to get a kind of protection and care from the mature mammal, including humankind on the basis of "funny" or "annoyed." Still was gotten many others the example neoteni to the dog, respectively the race received the treatment neoteni that differed depended on the characteristics of the dog that was wanted. The guard's sheepdog of the livestock animal showed the characteristics of the hunter's dog, but in a restrained manner. The group's member like Border Collies, Belgian Malinois and German Shepherd used the hunter's tactics against the fugitive's animal to intimidate so that the herd of the livestock could be controlled. Natural instinct to kill the fugitive's animal was pressed through the exercise. The other thoroughbred dog that including into this group, as Welsh Corgi, Canaan, and Australian Cattle took more aggressive measures when tending the livestock. At the same time making use of the form of the body that was smaller to be evasive from the animal that opposed. The hunter's dog (gun dog or bird dog) was the friend of humankind when going hunting. The dog pointing breed (penunjuk the location of the fugitive), setter (the seeker of the fugitive's animal), spaniel and retriever (the collector of the fugitive) experienced pedomorfosis the middle level. Be hunting with the "herd," but only played a role as the junior "hunter" who did not take part in taking the attack interior that actually. This kind dog found the potential target animal and made him could not escape, but did not resist and attack the fugitive. The opportunity attacked precisely was given to pemangsa that was more mature. Results were the thoroughbred dog with the behaviour "penunjuk the" location" of the fugitive's animal. Equally his matter with the behaviour of the "collector's" dog that did not kill personally his fugitive's animal. They only were assigned to pick up the fugitive's animal that has died or was wounded and to carry him for colleagues of the fellow "herd." The physical characteristics of the hunter's dog more close to the mature dog compared with the dog penggembala, but usually did not have the erect earlobe.the Tracker Dog (Scenthound) continued to have the measurement of the body was and the pattern of the behaviour followed prey by means of following the tracks of his smell. The dog that including into this group continued to resist to not attack prey was alone, and must call the management of the herd (in this case, humankind) to complete his task. Beagle, Bloodhound, Basset Hound, Coonhound, Dachshund, Fox Hound, Otter Hound, and Harrier including into this group. Sighthound was the dog that pursued and attacked all prey that was seen. The dog that including into this group continued to maintain the physical form of the mature dog, with the typical physical characteristics like the narrow chest and the slim body. But this kind dog no longer had the erect earlobe and the hair of two layers similar to the coat like that was had by the wolf. Afghan, Borzoi, Saluki, Sloughi, Pharaoh Hound, Azawakh, Whippet, and Greyhound including into this group. the Mastiff kind that bertubuh big and high, had the chest part that was big like the drum, big bones and the thick skull. This dog group was traditionally bred for the war and the guard's dog. the Bulldog kind that measured the body was, was bred to fight against the other kept animal or the wild animal. This kind dog had the skull persegi, big bones, the broad shoulder, and was muscular strong. the Terrier kind had the aggressive characteristics and not all that submitted to the more senior herd member. This group had the physical characteristics of the mature dog like erect ears, although the kind that was liked by most measured the small body and had foot that was short, so as this kind dog could pursue prey that was in the hole. the dog that least showed the pattern of the behaviour pedomorfosis was the Basenji thoroughbred dog. Bred in Africa to go hunting the shoulder membahu with humankind, the Basenji dog very independent, often might not be paid attention to but also not hope for too much was arranged by humankind. Often was mentioned had the identity similar to the cat, although having the physical characteristics like the mature dog pemangsa. Apart from the pattern of the behaviour according to the group above, the dog generally already certainly could change the behaviour in accordance with the experience, including learning from the behaviour "headed by the herd" (humankind). The dog capacity to learn to enable the dog to be trained in such a way as to not resemble the natural characteristics that were owned by this dog race. Nevertheless, the exercise could not often change the pattern of the natural behaviour of the certain thoroughbred dog. Whippet for example, possibly could not be taught to look after the herd of the sheep.
