The history of the Malang city

The Malang area was old civilisation that be classed as the first time emerging in the Indonesian history that is since the age to 7 Masehi. The legacy that was older like in Trinil (the Homosexual Soloensis) and Wajak - Mojokerto (the Homosexual Wajakensis) was physical archeology proof (the fossil) that did not show the existence of a civilisation. The legacy purbakala around the Malang City territory like the Dinoyo Inscription (760 Masehi), the Badut Temple, Besuki, Singosari, Jago, Kidal and the religious object came from 1414 in the Selabraja Village showed Malang was the centre of civilisation for 7 centuries in a manner continued. Malang was the authority territory 5 dynasties that is Dewasimha/Gajayana (the Kanjuruhan Kingdom), Balitung/Daksa/Tulodong Wawa (the Kingdom Mataram Hindu), Sindok/Dharmawangsa/Airlangga/Kertajaya (the Kediri Kingdom), Ken Arok as far as Kertanegara (the Singosari Kingdom), Raden Wijaya as far as Bhre Tumapel 1447 - 1451 (the Majapahit Kingdom).

REALLY the KANJURUHAN KINGDOM

Kerajaan Kanjuruhan menurut para ahli purbakala berpusat dikawasan Dinoyo Kota Malang sekarang. Salah satu bukti keberadaan Kerajaan Kanjuruhan ini adalah Prasasti Dinoyo yang saat ini berada di Museum Jakarta. Prasasti Dinoyo ditemukan di Desa Merjosari (5 Km. sebelah Barat Kota Malang), di kawasan Kampus III Universitas Muhammadiyah saat ini. Prasasti Dinoyo merupakan peninggalan yang unik karena ditulis dalam huruf Jawa Kuno dan bukan huruf Pallawa sebagaimana prasasti sebelumnya. Keistimewaan lain adalah cara penulisan tahun berbentuk Condro Sangkala berbunyi Nayana Vasurasa (tahun 682 Saka) atau tahun 760 Masehi. Dalam Prasasti Dinoyo diceritakan masa keemasan Kerajaan Kanjuruhan sebagaimana berikut :

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Translation:

The Kanjuruhan kingdom according to the experts purbakala concentrated dikawasan Dinoyo Kota Malang now. One of the existence proof of this Kanjuruhan Kingdom were the Dinoyo Inscription that at this time was in the Jakarta Museum. The Dinoyo inscription was found in the Merjosari Village (5 Km. one West Kota Malang), in the III Universitas Muhammadiyah Campus region at this time. The Dinoyo inscription was the legacy that was unique because of being written in the letter Javanese Kuno and not the Pallawa letter as the inscription beforehand. The other expertise was the writing method of the year of having the shape of Condro Sangkala sounded Nayana Vasurasa (the year 682 heritages) or the year 760 Masehi. In the Dinoyo Inscription was told by the golden period of the Kanjuruhan Kingdom as along with:

had a kingdom that was led by the King who was magical and wise by the name of Dewasimha # After King died was replaced by his son who had a name Liswa # Liswa famous with the Gajayana degree and was on duty at the big Palace named Kanjuruhan # Liswa had the daughter who was mentioned as Uttiyana # King Gajayana was loved brahmana and his people because brought peace throughout negeri # the King and his people worshipped to that was noble Agastya # Together King and the country dignitaries Agastya (was acknowledged as Maharesi) eliminated penyakit # the King saw the Agastya Statue from sandalwood belonging to the grandmother moyangnya # Then the king ordered made the Agastya Statue from the beautiful black stone .One of the Arca Agastya was in the Besuki Temple region that at this time remained at his foundation then. Other proof the existence of the Kanjuruhan Kingdom was the Badut Temple that up to now still quite good his situation as well as has mengalama renovation from the Purbakala Service. The other legacy was the Dewasimha Statue that was in the middle of the Dinoyo Market at this time.
REALLY the KINGDOM Mataram HINDU
The descendants Dewasimha and Gajayana retreated in line with the new dynasty emergence in the Kediri area that is Balitung, Daksa, Tulodong and the gibbon that were the descendants Mataram King Hindu in Central Java. Balitung (898 - 910) was Mataram King first that controlled Central Java and East Java. This dynasty focussed his authority in the Kediri area that was closer to Central Java compared with the former centre of the authority of the Kanjuruhan Kingdom in Malang. In this period of Malang only a territory that was not so important his position.

REALLY the Kediri KINGDOM, DAHA AND JENGGALA

The following dynasty that was in charge of Kediri after the decline Mataram Hindu was the descendants Sindok, Dharmawangsa, of Airlangga and finally Kertajaya (1216 - 1222). In this period the centre of the switching authority to Daha/Jenggala whereas the Malang area became a territory was on a level with Kadipaten that went up and big especially as in the religious field and the trade, was led by a person of Akuwu.

REALLY the SINGOSARI KINGDOM

Singosari was known as one of the biggest kingdoms in the Javanese land that was respected all over the Indonesian Archipelago and manca the country. Singosari originally was one of Kadipaten was supervised by the authority of Kediri King that is Kertajaya. This Kadipaten named Tumapel was led by Akuwu Tunggul Ametung that afterwards was seized by his position by Ken Arok Ken Arok afterwards returned the centre of the authority to the Malang area after Kediri was conquered. While 7 generations of the Singosari Kingdom developed fast until controlling most Indonesian Archipelago territories. Moreover the King finally that is Kertanegara was ashamed of the envoy Maharaja Tiongkok Kubhilai Khan that asked Singosari to hand over his authority.

Singosari fell ketangan Kediri when most Kertanegara troops carried out the war expedition as far as the Melayu Kingdom and Sriwijaya. However not old afterwards Kediri troops succeeded in being repulsed by the Kertanegara descendants that is Raden Wijaya that afterwards was known as the founder of the Majapahit Kingdom. At the time of that almost simultaneously Raden Wijaya must also face the attack from the Tiongkok fleet that demanded replied on the treatment of King Singosari beforehand (Kertanegara) against his envoy. The Tiongkok fleet thus succeeded in being overcome by Raden Wijaya owing to help from the Madura Ruler that is Arya Wiraraja.
REALLY the MAJAPAHIT KINGDOM

The Majapahit kingdom achieved the golden period when being led by Hayam Wuruk with patih him the Mada Elephant that was famous by swearing Palapa. Majapahit conquered almost all of the Indonesian Archipelago and spread his wings as far as all of South-East Asia. In this period the Malang area no longer becomes the centre of the authority because of being suspected of moving to the Nganjuk area. According to the experts in Malang was placed by a ruler who was acknowledged as the King also.

In the Kertagama Country was narrated by Hayam Wuruk as King Majapahit did pilgrimage to his ancestors's grave (that was around the Malang area), one of them near the grave of Ken Arok. This showed that although not the centre of the government but Malang was the region that disucikan because of being the grave land of the ancestors that were worshipped as the God. Several inscriptions and the Majapahit legacy statue dikawasan the peak of the Se- Meru Mountain (the Ranu Gumbolo Lake) but also in the Arjuna Mountain showed that the Mount Bromo region - Tengger - A Meru as well as the Arjuna Mountain were the residing place of the gods and only descendants the King who might set foot in this territory. Could be concluded that various legacies were the series that was connected with each other although being separated by the period that was different for the length of 7 centuries.
The NAME ORIGIN of the Malang CITY

The Batara Malangkucecwara name was stated in Kedu Charter (the year 907) and Singhasari Charter (the year 908). Told how that the holders of charter were the worshipper Batara (the God) Malangkucecwara, Puteswara (Putikecwara according to Dinoyo Charter), Kutusan, Cilahedecwara and Tulecwara. According to the experts among them Bosch, Krom and Stein Calleneis, this Batara name actually was King's name local that died, was buried in the Malangkucecwara Temple that afterwards was worshipped by his follower, this in accordance with the God's cult - the King in the Ciwa religion.

The name this Batara really close to the name of the Malang City at this time, remembered the other vernacular name also regarding the legacy in this area for example the Badut Village (the Badut Temple), Singosari (the Singosari Temple). In the Pararaton Book also was told by the closeness of relations between the name of the place at this time by the name of the place in the past for example Palandit (currently Wendit) that was the centre of the arena or the religious college. The religious activity in Wendit was one of the triangles of the centre of the Kutaraja activity in the period of Ken Arok (Singosari - Kegenengan - Left-handed - the Champion: all of them took the form of the temple). The centre of the arena was mentioned as panepen (the place grew still) one of them was acknowledged as Kabalon (Kebalen in now). The Kebalen location currently that was in the Brantas river bank in accordance with the story in Pararaton that mentioned the Kabalon arena close to the river. Around the Kebalen area - Kuto Bedah - the Brantas BANG was often encountered the cave made by humankind that up to now still is used as the place grew still by the follower of mystique and the belief. Other proof the nearness of the name of this place is the Turyanpada vernacular name currently Turen, Lulumbang currently Lumbangsari, Warigadya currently Wagir, Karuman currently Kauman. Pararaton was written during 1481 or 250 years after the Singosari royal period used the language Javanese Pertengahan and and no longer the language Javanese Kuno so as to be made hesitate as the source of the history that was related to the government and politics. The Pararaton writing already. However the approach that was used by the experts in investigating the name origin of the Malang City was based on the assumption that the name of the place will not be far changed in this period. This could be proven in part from the Kabalon name (the place grew still) evidently also was named in the Kertagama Country. In this book was narrated that the daughter of the Hayam Wuruk crown that is Kusumawardhani (Bhre Lasem) before replacing his father before grew still in in Kabalon close to his ancestors's grave that is Ken Arok or Rangga Rajasa alias Cri Amurwabumi. The grave of this Ken Arok was the Kegenengan Temple.

However the Kabalon term was only known dikalangan the noble, this that caused the Kabalon term to not develop. The people in the period continued to mention and know the area petilasan Malangkucecwara by the name of Malang until being bequeathed in the period now.

REALLY COLONIAL.
After the decline in the Majapahit Kingdom that was urged by the Kingdom Mataram Islam, the Malang area was increasingly left even avoided because of the God's cult - the King and the Hindu religion were compatible with the Islam teaching. The legacy of Hindu civilisation - Ciwa is no longer paid attention to because follower of the Majapahit Kingdom that embraced the Hindu Ciwa religion took refuge in the Tengger area and his descendants are known as the Tengger community now. The arrival of white people's nation including Portugis, the Netherlands and England in the long run resulted in the decline in the Mataram Kingdom so as the Indonesian Archipelago fell in the colonisation period. In the middle period of the colonisation according to the Book of History of Java the Governor-general's article Raffles (1812), Malang was the area of the plantation was supervised by the Pasuruan Regency. Malang developed fast after having the railway line and the opening of various plantations especially sugar cane for the sugar industry. Until this two colonial factories of legacy sugar were still operating that is PG. Krebet Baru and PG. Kebon Agung.
REALLY INDEPENDENCE
In the period after the Proclamation of Independence was in Malang established by the Sementara Regional Government and in Independence war time (Clash I 1947 and Clash Ii 1949) the Malang area became the basis of the good struggle political and guerrilla. Various troops including TGP (the Genio Pelajar Troops) and Hamid Rusdi troops very famous with perseverance and his courage. One of the massive battles in maintaining the Malang City that always was recalled was the front of Street Salak (currently Street Pahlawan of the Trip). At the time fell 35 members the Brigade 17 detachments of I Trip East Java. In the former location of this battle currently was established the Monument and the Trip War Cemetery. The other war cemetery was located in Street Veteran off Street Pahlawan of the Trip.

REALLY the LAMA ORDER
The political upheaval at the end of the Lama Order period also happened in Malang because the activity of PKI/Komunis quite often affected the community especially the group of the young man. Meetings of the public, the demonstration, the disturbance and the physical clash between the supporter of communists happened to the supporter Kepancasilaan, one of them that was famous is the invasion of the Sarinah Building now. Finally the communist group could be overcome and escaped to the Blitar area so as to be carried out by the military operation of Sandhi Yudha that ended the communist adventure in Indonesia.
REALLY the NEW ORDER
The Malang city developed fast in the Baru Order period owing to the development of the increasingly good economy and the spirit of the community that was strong to gain the front better day. Various development activities in all the fields continued to be carried out and to give satisfactory results.
REALLY REFORM
Malang as the Pendidikan City also became one of the action barometers that rolled reform. Thousands of Pelajar and the Student took to the streets to fight for the people's right and the principle of democracy until being successful. And the struggle continued to be continued in the area in part by striving for the election headed by Daerah (the Mayor) that was democratic .