hero of surabaya

The Surabaya city was the capital of the East Java province, Indonesia. Surabaya was the biggest city of the two in Indonesia after Jakarta. With the number of inhabitants of his metropolis that almost 3 million souls, Surabaya was the centre of the business, the trade, the industry, and education in the east region of the Javanese Island and surrounding area. Famous with the Pahlawan City term, because of his history that really played a role in the struggle for Indonesian nation independence against colonisers. It seems Surabaya words came from the story of the battle myth between SURA (the fish hiu=bahasa Java) and OLD (buaya=bahasa Java). Despite the Javanese Ethnic Group (53%) was the majority, but Surabaya also became the residence of various ethnic groups in Indonesia, including the Madura ethnic group (7,5%), Tionghoa (25,5%), Arabian (7%), as well as the expatriates (the rest of them).

Surabaya previously was the Majapahit royal gate, that is in the estuary of the Time Mas. Moreover the anniversary of the Surabaya City was determined as May 31 1293. The day in fact was the Majapahit day of troops's victory that was led by Raden Wijaya against Mongol royal troops the envoy was supplemented by Ku- Khan. Mongol troops that came from sea to be depicted as BOYO (the crocodile/the danger) and Raden Wijaya troops that came from the land to be depicted as the SURO fish (the shark/brave), so literally was interpreted dared to face the danger that came threatened. Then the victory day was commemorated as the Surabaya anniversary.

In the 15th age, Islam began to spread fast in the Surabaya area. One of the guardian's members sanga, Sunan Ampel, established the mosque and the islamic school in the Ampel area. In 1530, Surabaya became part of the Demak Sultanate. Following the Demak collapse, Surabaya became the subjugation target of the Mataram Sultanate: was attacked by Panembahan Senopati in 1598, was attacked large-scale by Panembahan SEDA ing Krapyak in 1610, was attacked by Sultan Agung in 1614. Pemblokan the Brantas River current by Sultan Agung finally had forced Surabaya to surrender. In 1675, Trunojoyo from Madura seized Surabaya, but finally was kicked by VOC during 1677. In the agreement between the Nail of Buwono Ii and VOC on November 11 1743, Surabaya was handed over by his command to VOC. The time of Hindia-Belanda In the Dutch East Indies time, Surabaya berstatus as the capital of Karesidenan Surabaya, that his territory also included the area that currently the Gresik Regency territory, Sidoarjo, Mojokerto, and Jombang. During 1905, Surabaya received the status of the municipality (Gemeente). During 1926, Surabaya was maintained as the capital of the East Java province. Since then Surabaya had developed by the biggest modern city of the two in the Dutch East Indies after Batavia. Before 1900, the centre of the Surabaya city only revolved around Merah Bridge then. Up until the 1920 's, grew the new settlement like the Darmo area, Gubeng, Sawahan, and Ketabang. During 1917 was built by modern port facilities in Surabaya. On February 3 1942, Japan dropped the bomb on Surabaya. In March 1942, Japan succeeded in seizing Surabaya. Surabaya afterwards became the target of the attack of allied air on May 17 1944. After World War II ended, on October 25 1945, 6000 England-India troops that is the Brigade 49, the Division 23 that was led by Brigadier General Aulbertin Walter Sothern Mallaby landed in Surabaya with the main order disarmed the Japanese troops, the troops and the Indonesian militia. They also were assigned to arrange the former prisoner of war and to return the Japanese troops. Japanese troops handed over all of their weapons, but the militia and more than 20000 Indonesian troops refused. On October 26 1945, was reached the agreement between Mr Suryo, East Java Governor and Briggen Mallaby that Indonesian troops and the militia must not hand over their weapon. Unfortunately happened wrong the understanding between English troops in Surabaya and the troops's English post in Jakarta that was led Lieutenant General Sir Philip Christison.

On October 27 1945, at 11.00 the afternoon, the aircraft of Dakota AU England from Jakarta dropped the leaflet on Surabaya that ordered all the Indonesian troops and the militia to hand over the weapon. The managements of the troops and the Indonesian militia angry time read this leaflet and considered Briggen Mallaby did not keep the agreement on October 26 1945. On October 28 1945, Indonesian troops and the militia attacked English troops in Surabaya. To avoid the defeat in Surabaya, Briggen Mallaby ask for so that RI President Soekarno and the commander of troops English Divisi 23, Major-General Douglas Cyril Hawthorn to go to Surabaya and tried to get peace. On October 29 1945, President Soekarno, Vice President Mohammad Hatta and Information Minister Amir Syarifuddin Harahap with MajGen Hawthorn went to Surabaya to negotiat.

During the day, on October 30 1945, was reached by the agreement that dita you-handled by RI President Soekarno and the Commander of the Division 23 of MajGen Hawthorn. The contents of this agreement was to be held by the cessation shot shot and English troops will be withdrawn from Surabaya as soon as possible. MajGen Hawthorn and to 3 headed by RI left Surabaya and returned to Jakarta. In the afternoon, on October 30 1945, Briggen Mallaby went round to various of troops's English posts in Surabaya to inform the matter of this agreement. When approaching troops's English post in the Internatio building, close to red Bridge, the car of Briggen Mallaby was surrounded by the militia that beforehand surrounded the Internatio building. Because of thinking his commander will be attacked by the militia, English troops the D company that was led by Mayor Venu K. Gopal open fire above to disperse the militias. The militias thought they were attacked/was fired on by the English troops from inside the Internatio building and replied shot. A English officer, Captain R.C. Smith threw the grenade to the side of the Indonesian militia, but was wrong and even fell exact in the car of Briggen Mallaby.

The grenade broke out and the car was burnt. As a result Briggen Mallaby and his driver were killed. The report on early that was given by English troops in Surabaya to troops's English headquarters in Jakarta mentioned Briggen Mallaby was killed was shot by the Indonesian militia. Lt Gen Sir Philip Christison angry big heard the death news of Briggen Mallaby and mobilised 24000 additional troops to be in charge of Surabaya. On November 9 1945, England spread the ultimatum so that all of the troops's Indonesian weapons and the militia are immediately handed over to the English troops, but this ultimatum was not heeded. On November 10 1945, England began membom Surabaya and the violent war took place continually for 10 days. Two English aircraft were shot down by RI troops and one of the passengers Brigadier Jendral Robert Guy Loder-Symonds was wounded serious and died the next day.

On November 20 1945, England succeeded in being in charge of Surabaya with casualties of thousands of people of the soldier was killed. More than 20000 Indonesian troops, the militia and the Surabaya inhabitants were killed. All the Surabaya city was destroyed merged. This battle was one of the battles was bloodiest that was experienced by English troops in the decade 1940an. This battle showed the sincerity of the Indonesian Nation to maintain independence and expel colonisers. Because violent him the battle and fatalities's size, after this battle, the number of English troops in Indonesia began to be reduced in stages and was replaced by Dutch troops. The battle on November 10 1945 this till now was recalled and commemorated as the Pahlawan Day.